Mihael Jagodić

All fresh memes...

From Wikipedia  the free encyclopedia




This article is about the term "meme" in general. For the usage of the term on the internet (or a fad that spreads quickly)  see Internet meme. For other uses  see

A meme (/miːm/ MEEM[1][2][3]) is an idea  behavior  or style that spreads from person to person within a culture—often with the aim of conveying a particular phenomenon  theme  or meaning represented by the meme.[4] A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas  symbols  or practices  that can be transmitted from one mind to another through writing  speech  gestures  rituals  or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme. Supporters of the concept regard memes as cultural analogues to genes in that they self-replicate  mutate  and respond to selective pressures.[5]

Proponents theorize that memes are a viral phenomenon that may evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution. Memes do this through the processes of variation  mutation  competition  and inheritance  each of which influences a meme's reproductive success. Memes spread through the behavior that they generate in their hosts. Memes that propagate less prolifically may become extinct  while others may survive  spread  and (for better or for worse) mutate. Memes that replicate most effectively enjoy more success  and some may replicate effectively even when they prove to be detrimental to the welfare of their hosts.[6]

A field of study called memetics[7] arose in the 1990s to explore the concepts and transmission of memes in terms of an evolutionary model. Criticism from a variety of fronts has challenged the notion that academic study can examine memes empirically. However  developments in neuroimaging may make empirical study possible.[8] Some commentators in the social sciences question the idea that one can meaningfully categorize culture in terms of discrete units  and are especially critical of the biological nature of the theory's underpinnings.[9] Others have argued that this use of the term is the result of a misunderstanding of the original proposal.[10]

The word meme is a neologism coined by Richard Dawkins.[11] It originated from Dawkins' 1976 book The Selfish Gene. Dawkins's own position is somewhat ambiguous: he welcomed N. K. Humphrey's suggestion that "memes should be considered as living structures  not just metaphorically"[12] and proposed to regard memes as "physically residing in the brain".[13] Later  he argued that his original intentions  presumably before his approval of Humphrey's opinion  had been simpler.[14]

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